What is NH3? Important Knowledge About NH3

1. Definition of NH₃:
   NH₃, also known as ammonia, is a chemical compound that contains nitrogen and hydrogen, forming a molecule that contains one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. Its English name is Ammonia. The atomic weight of ammonia is 17, with 14 from nitrogen and 3 from hydrogen. In the NH₃ molecule, nitrogen is bonded to the three hydrogen atoms through three covalent bonds. As a simple compound of nitrogen, ammonia is an important source of nitrogen for many chemical reactions.

2. Properties of NH₃:

2.1 Physical properties of NH₃:
Ammonia is in a gaseous state at standard temperature and pressure, colorless and has a strong distinctive smell. Its pH level is usually high due to its ability to accept protons, making it basic.

2.2 Chemical properties of NH₃:
Ammonia has strong alkalinity towards acids to form salts and water. It can also react with metals to create nitrides and hydrogen.

3. Chemical equation:
   Ammonia typically reacts with metals like Mg, Al to create nitrides and hydrogen. It also reacts with acids such as HCl, H₂SO₄ to create ammonium salts and water. Ammonia can also react with nonmetals like Cl₂, O₂.

4. Preparation of NH₃:

4.1 Laboratory preparation of NH₃:
Ammonia can be prepared in the lab from ammonium nitrate due to high temperature or from ammonium carbonate due to temperature and acid.

4.2 Industrial preparation of NH₃:
Ammonia is industrially produced using the Haber-Bosch process, in which nitrogen and hydrogen are combined at high pressure and high temperature in the presence of a catalyst.