- Definition of KMnO4
1.1. KMnO4, also known as Potassium permanganate, is a chemical compound with the formula KMnO4.
1.2. In this formula, K stands for Potassium with an atomic mass of 39.1 u, Mn stands for Manganese with an atomic mass of 54.9 u, and O stands for Oxygen with an atomic mass of 16 u.
1.3. The molecular weight of KMnO4 is 158 u.
1.4. The ion structure of KMnO4 consists of K+ ion and MnO4- ion.
- Properties of KMnO4
2.1. Physical properties: KMnO4 is solid at standard conditions, dark purple in color, without any distinct smell. The pH of KMnO4 solution is very high, indicating its strong acidic nature.
2.2. Chemical properties: KMnO4 has strong oxidizing ability and participates in numerous chemical reactions.
- Common chemical equations:
KMnO4 participates in reactions with metals, acids, non-metals, and salts. For example:
3.1. Reaction with metals: 2KMnO4 + 3Zn -> K2MnO4 + 3ZnO
3.2. Reaction with acids: 2KMnO4 + 5H2SO4 -> K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5O2
3.3. Reaction with non-metals: 2KMnO4 + 5Cl2 -> 2KCl + 5ClO2 + 2MnO2
3.4. Reaction with salts: KMnO4 + NaCl -> MnO2 + NaClO + KOH
- Preparation of KMnO4
4.1. In the lab, KMnO4 can be prepared from the reaction between K2MnO4 and MnO2 in an acidic environment: 3MnO2 + 4KOH -> 2KMnO4 + K2MnO4 + 2H2O
4.2. Industrial preparation of KMnO4 is done through the oxidation process of KMnO4 using O2 at high temperatures.