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- Definition of HNO3:
1.1 Name: HNO3 is commonly known as nitric acid, which is called Nitric acid in English.
1.2 Atomic mass of HNO3 is 63.01 g/mol, consisting of 1 Hydrogen atom, 1 Nitrogen atom, and 3 Oxygen atoms.
1.3 Molecular structure: In HNO3, Nitrogen is bond to one Hydrogen atom via a Hydrogen bond and to three Oxygen atoms.
1.4 Ion structure: HNO3 forms nitrate ion (NO3-) and H+ ion when dissolved in water.
- Properties of HNO3:
2.1 Physical properties: HNO3 is liquid, pale yellow if it contains nitrogen dioxide, odorless, and has a low pH (very acid).
2.2 Chemical properties: HNO3 has strong oxidizing ability, it can react with most metals and non-metals.
- Common chemical equations of HNO3:
4HNO3 + 3Fe -> 3Fe(NO3)3 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
8 HNO3 + 3Cu -> 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 4H2O
8 HNO3 + 3Mg -> 3Mg(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 4H2O
8 HNO3 + Fe2O3 -> 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 4H2O
4 HNO3 + Na -> NaNO3 + 3NH4NO3 + H2O
- Synthesis of HNO3:
4.1 The synthesis of HNO3 in the laboratory is typically done through the reaction between sulfuric acid and nitrate salt.
4.2 On an industrial scale, HNO3 is usually synthesized through the oxidation of ammonia on a silver catalyst.