What is H2SO4? Important knowledge about H2SO4.

1. Definition of H₂SO₄

H₂SO₄, also known as sulfuric acid, has a molar mass of 98.079 g/mol, consisting of 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 sulfur atom, and 4 oxygen atoms. Each sulfur atom is bonded to 4 oxygen atoms through 2 single covalent bonds and 2 double covalent bonds, while the 2 hydrogen atoms are attached to 2 oxygen atoms through covalent bonds. The ion structure of H₂SO₄ includes a hydronium ion (H₃O+) and a sulfate ion (SO₄^2-).

2. Properties of H₂SO₄

H₂SO₄ is a colorless liquid with a distinctive smell. Its pH is very low, around 1, indicating its strong acidity. Chemically, H₂SO₄ is a strong acid, capable of reacting with metals, non-metals, and organic compounds to create salts and water.

3. Common Chemical Equations of H₂SO₄

Reaction with metal: H₂SO₄ + Zn -> ZnSO₄ + H₂
Reaction with base: H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH -> Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
Reaction with non-metal: H₂SO₄ + C -> CO₂ + 2H₂O
Reaction with salt: H₂SO₄ + NaCl -> HCl + Na₂SO₄

4. Preparation of H₂SO₄

H₂SO₄ can be prepared in the laboratory from SO₂, O₂, and H₂O through oxidation and hydrolysis processes. Industrially, H₂SO₄ is produced by oxidizing sulfur in the air to create SO₂, which is then further oxidized to SO₃, and finally reacts with water to produce H₂SO₄.