What is C? Important knowledge about C

1. Definition of C:

C, or Carbon, is a chemical element in the periodic table with the symbol C and atomic number 6. Carbon is the main component of life on Earth, making up a large number of organic and inorganic compounds.

1.1 Names
1.1.1 Common name: Carbon
1.1.2 English name: Carbon
1.2. Atomic mass: 12.01
1.3. Atomic weight: 12.01 Dalton
1.3.1 Molecular structure: Carbon can exist as single atoms, or combine with other atoms to form complex molecules such as C₆₀, CO₂, CH₄ …
1.4 Ion structure: Carbon does not typically form ions, but it can form a negative ion (carbide ion) when combined with some metals.

2. Properties: C

2.1 Physical properties of C
State: Solid
Color: Black or colorless (depending on the allotrope)
Smell: None
PH: Not applicable as Carbon is insoluble in water
2.2 Chemical properties of C: Carbon has the ability to combine with many other elements such as H, O, N, S, P, halogens to form a wide variety of compounds.

3. Common chemical equations of C:
   Metal reaction: 2Al + 3C -> Al₄C₃
   Acid reaction:
   – Does not react with dilute acid
   – Reacts with strong oxidizing acids such as HNO₃, concentrated H₂SO₄, hot concentrated H₂SO₄
   C + 4HNO₃ -> 2H₂O + 4NO + CO₂
   C + 2H₂SO₄(hotconcentrated) -> 2SO₂ + 2H₂O + CO₂
   Non-metal reaction: C + O₂ -> CO₂
   Reaction with salt: 2NaOH + C -> Na₂CO₃ + H₂O
4. Synthesis of C:

4.1 Laboratory synthesis of C: Burning organic materials such as wood, charcoal, petroleum… in the air.
4.2 Industrial synthesis of C: Produced from the cracking process of petroleum, coal or natural gas.