The equation MgCO3 + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O + CO2

Detailed information about the equation MgCO₃ + 2HCl -> MgCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂
The above chemical equation describes the reaction process between magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), resulting in magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), water (H₂O), and carbon dioxide gas (CO₂).

Reaction conditions
The conditions for the reaction to occur require direct contact between hydrochloric acid and magnesium carbonate. Besides, the reaction rate also depends on temperature, pressure, and other factors.

Reaction Process
When hydrochloric acid acts on magnesium carbonate, HCl molecules will dissociate into H+ and Cl- ions, while magnesium carbonate also breaks down into Mg₂+ and CO₃ 2- ions. Then, the Mg₂+ ion will combine with the Cl- ion to form magnesium chloride, while the H+ ion will combine with the CO₃ 2- ion to form water and carbon dioxide gas.

Occurring Phenomenon
When the reaction occurs, you will notice the phenomenon of carbon dioxide gas bubbles rising from the solution, and the solution will also boil. If you carry out the reaction in a test tube, you will see carbon dioxide gas escaping from the mouth of the test tube.