What is Bi? Important knowledge about Bi.

1. Definition of Bi

1.1 Names
1.1.1 Common name: Bi (Bismuth)
1.1.2 English name: Bismuth
1.2 Atomic mass: 208
1.3 Atomic weight: 208.98 u
1.3.1 Molecular structure: Bi does not form molecules, it exists as an element
1.4 Ion structure: Bi can form Bi₃+ ions.

2. Properties of Bi

2.1 Physical properties of Bi
State: solid
Color: silver white
Smell: odorless
pH level: not applicable
2.2 Chemical properties of Bi: Bi is quite stable and does not react with oxygen at room temperature. Bi can form complexes with strong acids.

3. Common chemical equations of Bi
   Bi + O₂ -> Bi₂O₃
   Bi + HCl -> HBiO₂Cl + H₂
   Bi + HNO₃ -> Bi(NO₃)₃ + NO₂ + H₂O
   Bi + NaOH -> NaBiO₃ + H₂
   Bi₃+ + 3OH- = Bi(OH)3

4. Synthesis of Bi

4.1 Laboratory synthesis of Bi: Bi can be synthesized from bismuthinite ore (Bi₂S₃) through the steps: roasting the ore with charcoal, then separating by electrolysis.
Bi₂S₃ + 4C -> 2Bi + 3CO₂
Bi₂O₃ + 3C -> 2Bi + 3CO₂
4.2 Industrial synthesis of Bi: Bismuth is often recovered from secondary sources such as in the production of tin, lead, tungsten and especially from lead mines.