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Li, or Lithium, is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. Li is known as the strongest and lightest alkali metal, and is also the first alkali element in the periodic table. Lithium has an atomic mass of 6.94 and an atomic weight of 6.94 amu. Li molecules are usually composed of one lithium atom. Li+ ion is a common ion formed when lithium loses one electron.
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Lithium is an alkali metal, with distinctive physical and chemical properties. In terms of physical properties, Li is in solid state at room temperature, silver in color, odorless and its pH level cannot be determined. Li’s chemical properties include the ability to react violently with water, producing hydrogen and high temperature, as well as reacting with non-metals such as sulfur, chlorine…
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Common chemical reactions of Li include reaction with water to produce hydrogen and lithium hydroxide, reaction with chlorine to produce lithium chloride, reaction with sulfur to produce lithium sulfide… Li can also react with salts like sodium chloride, magnesium chloride…
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In the laboratory, lithium is usually prepared from lithium chloride by electrolysis. In industry, lithium is often produced from spodumene, a lithium-bearing mineral. The preparation of lithium requires a complex technological process and high technology.